Sexual Harassment By The Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law

Sexual harassment, as defined by the Gale Encyclopedia of American Law is defined as â€Å"unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that tends to create a hostile or offensive work environment.† An early and extreme case of sexual harassment in the United States was the sexual assault of African American women slaves by their owners, without any form available for legal recourse for the victims. Sexual Harassment wasn’t considered a crime until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, specifically Title VII, whose main purpose is to protect women from discrimination in the workplace. Unfortunately, Federal Courts didn’t recognize sexual harassment as an actual crime until the†¦show more content†¦A lot of progress was made in the effort to combat sexual assault, through the help of Congress, who passes stronger legislation, to the media, which helps to proliferate stories concerning se xual harassment on reputable institutions. Unfortunately, it is due to the media that other problems arise, and that problem carries in the way institutions out investigations into the sexual harassment claims. In April 2013, Emma Sulkowicz, an American fourth-year visual arts major at Columbia University in New York City, filed a complaint with the University requesting the expulsion of Paul Nungesser, alleging he had raped her in her dorm room on August 27, 2012. Eventually, the university claimed that Nungesser was not guilty of the crime. As a result of the verdict, Emma Sulkowicz started the â€Å"Carry That Weight† campaign, in which she carried around a 50lb. mattress whenever she was on the campus of Columbia University, as a form of protest for the injustice. The mattress she used was similar to the ones that are found in the dorms of the University. Emma Sulkowicz demonstrates the rules for herâ€Å"Carry That Weight Capaign The mattress symbolized her own form of fighting against the system, in which she claims that the University mishandled the investigation of her sexual assault. She carried the mattress for a total of nine months, the same amount of that a pregnancy on average takes. The campaign caught the

The Benefits of Thesis Proposal

The Benefits of Thesis Proposal In many instances, the structure of the thesis proposal will be contingent on the topic matter of the thesis and your region of study. There are particular reasons why a thesis proposal is essential to be made aside from the simple fact it is mostly included in the requirements of producing a research paper. It is important to be created as it is a way for the people who will assess your research topic or subject to understand how you would like your study to further develop. It is a short document that explains what the thesis you want to write will be about, what type of research you would do to write it, and what sort of problem you are attempting to solve by writing it. Thesis Proposal Secrets That No One Else Knows About Little comprehension of English can also ensure it is difficult that you develop a thesis topic. Writing a thesis involves various measures to make sure the author is doing the correct thing. At times, it's possible to c ompose the introduction first. It's profitable to learn tips about how to write effectively by reading sample introduction of thesis proposal on several different topics. A thesis proposal is a significant portion of the dissertation or thesis because every student must submit a review of the thesis. The sample statement of the issue in thesis proposal is believed to be the most important area of the paper. It's always recommended to talk with your professor to make sure you are employing the correct style. The student cannot assume that the committee will read or respond to any extra appendices. Thesis Proposal Usually, a scientific research proposal includes a concise introduction to the research topic, a literature review, and a methodology that will explain the way the student plans to fulfill the goals of the research. Thorough research and study are essential for a very good thesis topic. Furthermore, you need to let your research findings guide you. 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From time to time, it's far better even consider it a couple of months ahead of your research class and do a few consultations with your preferred adviser along the way so that you'd be aware on whether the topic itself is feasible and whether you would have the opportunity to actually finish the proposal with the allotted moment. You should also pick a proposal that you are able to afford. If you do this, you will discover that your proposal wil l be exactly as long as it should be. Otherwise, the proposal is going to be declined. If you don't know how to design a dissertation proposal. You will also see differences in a research proposal template design when you're proposing diverse forms of research. The research proposal template is going to have an area at which you can place the title of the document. It's possible for you to use a research proposal example to assist in designing your own template. 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Foreign Considerations Of Emerging Economy -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Foreign Considerations Of Emerging Economy? Answer: Introduction Business organizations aim towards global expansion, as the home market becomes saturated with increased competition. It is evident that the home market has similar business organizations in the same sector that gives rise to tough competition. As a result, it becomes difficult for the business organizations to increase their business. In order to expand the business by attracting more customers, business organizations prefer international expansion. As commented by Czinkota and Ronkainen (2013), marketing at the international platform is crucial, as this helps in creating a unique image in the eye of the target customers and expanding the business. This report includes a detailed insight about Australian e-bike manufacturer TEBCO and Indian e-bike importer Palatino. The report investigates the concept of powered bicycles that has endured despite market inertia in Australia and globally. Additionally, the report also highlights the relative change in the national and Australian domestic shifts in consumer sentiment by undertaking a market fit assessment that includes market positioning, segmentation, market selection and entry considerations. Market segmentation As commented by Wilkinson (2013), market segmentation is important, as this provides an opportunity for the business organizations to reach the customer with particular needs and customers. As a result, the business organization is able to get an accessible market to which they can sell their maximum products and earn a profit. However, a difference between the rationale, risks and technical requirements for business organizations that manufacture their products and business organizations imports the products. Rationale TEBCO is an e-bike manufacturer in the Australian market that needs to segment the market in order to know the specific needs and demands of the customers. Thus, market segmentation for TEBCO is essential, as this will allow the company to know the needs and demands of the customers and fulfill it by launching e-bike with the desired features ("TEBCO | The Original Electric Bicycle Company | Website", 2018). On the other hand, the significance of market segmentation for Palatino differs from that of TEBCO. This is because Palatino is an Indian e-bike importer. Market segmentation for Palatino need to focus to match the needs of the customers better, as importing wrong products will hamper the business drastically ("Welcome to Palatino", 2018). Market segmentation has potential risks for TEBCO and Palatino that differs distinctively, as one of them is the manufacturer and the other one is the importer. As TEBCO is a manufacturer in the Australian market, the potential risk of market segmentation includes larger inventory needs to be maintained for manufacturing and distributing (Li et al., 2013). However, on the contrary, the risk for market segmentation for Palatino includes loss of investment due to changes in the characteristics of the market segment. Technical requirements Effective market segmentation needs to implemented by TEBCO and Palatino for expanding their business and generating revenue. TEBCO needs to ensure that the market segmentation is measurable, as this will ensure in determining the size of the market as well as the purchasing power of the Australian population. On the other hand, the while segmenting the target market, Palatino needs to be substantial. This will help Palatino to segment the market large and profitable enough to serve the needs of the customers (Li et al., 2013). Positioning procedures As mentioned by Morrison (2013), positioning the product is essential for the business organizations, as this provides an opportunity to determine the best method of communicating with the target customers based on their needs and demands. Rationale TEBCO needs to position their e-bikes in the Australian market effectively, as this provides an opportunity for the company to understand needs of the target customers. Understanding the present need of the customers will help TEBCO to introduce features referred or desired by the customers in the e-bikes. On the other hand, product positioning for Palatino is essential, as this helps the company to weigh the competitive pressure in the market. As Palatino is an e-bike importer in India, weighing the market competitiveness is essential (Grenci, 2013). Risks Positioning is crucial for TEBCO as failing to create a unique image in the eye of the target customer hampers the company to attract the customers to buy their product when they think about e-bikes. On the other hand, as Palatino is an importer, the potential risk of market positioning includes over positioning their product. Palatino might import e-bikes with extra special features that eventually make the customer group too small (Babin Zikmund, 2015). Technical requirements While positioning the e-bikes, TEBCO needs to know their target customers in the Australian market extremely well. This will help TEBCO to develop a deeper understanding of the needs of the customers and manufacture e-bikes accordingly. However, on the contrary, as Palatino is an e-bike importer, one of the significant features while positioning their product includes telling the customers about the product by providing suitable evidence. Market selection As commented by Eslava et al. (2013), the concept of market selection is defined as the decision taken by the business organizations in the market to invest and pursue the business in future. Rationale Effective marketing selection is essential for TEBCO, as this provides an opportunity to determine the growth potentiality of the market. Being a manufacturer of e-bikes in the Australian, TEBCO needs to select the market that will ensure the maximum growth of the company by increasing the sales. On the other hand, as Palatino is an e-bike importer, the market selection is essential, as this will help in determining the economic factors and the market hub of the Indian market (Dosi et al., 2015). One of the potential risks that TEBCO might encounter while selecting the market includes misunderstanding the market that will give the maximum growth for their business. Failure in appropriate market selection will hamper the growth of the company in the Australian market. However, on the contrary, the potential risk for Palatino includes failing to screen the preliminary requirements of the target market. As a result, Palatino fails to short list the markets that eventually hamper their importing decisions (Annushkina Trinca Colonel, 2013). Technical requirements TEBCO needs to select the parameters of market selection for the Australian market in order to increase the sales of e-bikes. Selecting the parameters effectively provides an opportunity for TEBCO to understand the market demands and requirements before launching their products for the market. On the other hand, as Palatino is an e-bike importer, it is essential for the company to evaluate the market and test their marketing strategies (Bartelsman, Haltiwanger Scarpetta, 2013). Entry considerations According to Maqsoom et al. (2014), the market entry strategy is the key feature that determines the successful business expansion. The nature of the product or service highly influences the market entry strategy used by the business organizations for entering the host country and establishes business successfully. For international marketing, the market entry strategy is significant, as this will help TEBCO to define the market they aim to sale the e-bike. Selecting the appropriate market entry strategy will help in setting clear goals by conducting a thorough market research. However, on the contrary, selecting appropriate marketing entry is essential for Palatino, as this will help the company to study the competition in the market (Kotabe, et al., 2014). While going international, the business organizations encounter potential risks. For TEBCO, the potential risk for deciding the market entry strategy includes selecting the inappropriate market entry strategy thereby, establishing the unsuccessful business at the international market. However, on the contrary, the potential risk for Palatino while selecting market entry strategy is the unavailability of essential information about the host market. Technical requirements In order to ensure effective market entry strategy, TEBCO needs to consider the target market in the host country. Considering the target market by conducting a thorough market research will help TEBCO in determining the most effective market entry strategy. On the other hand, Palatino needs to consider the financial capability of the company while selecting the market entry strategy. This will help the company to invest accordingly while entering the international market (Holtbrugge Baron, 2013). Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that international marketing is crucial for the business organizations in order to sustain in the competitive market. With time, the market of the home country is saturated with similar business organizations thereby, giving rise to tough competition. As a result, it becomes difficult for the business organizations to grow their business by attracting more customers. Thus, the international expansion provides an opportunity for the business organizations to attract new customers and ensure business growth by penetrating a new market. Thus, while establishing internationally, the business organizations need to market them and their product effectively and appropriately for maximizing the sales. Both TEBCO and Palatino are e-bike manufacturers and importers in the Australian and Indian market respectively. While establishing their business internationally, both TEBCO and Palatino needs to ensure successful market segmentation, product positioning, market selection and market entry strategies. There are potential risks involved in market segmentation, product positioning, market selection and market entry strategies that TEBCO and Palatino need to address and mitigate issues for conducting business successfully. References Annushkina, O. E., Trinca Colonel, R. (2013). Foreign market selection by Russian MNEsbeyond a binary approach?.Critical perspectives on international business,9(1/2), 58-87. Babin, B. J., Zikmund, W. G. (2015).Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Bartelsman, E., Haltiwanger, J., Scarpetta, S. (2013). Cross-country differences in productivity: The role of allocation and selection.American Economic Review,103(1), 305-34. Covin, J. G., Miller, D. (2014). International entrepreneurial orientation: Conceptual considerations, research themes, measurement issues, and future research directions.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,38(1), 11-44. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. Dosi, G., Moschella, D., Pugliese, E., Tamagni, F. (2015). Productivity, market selection, and corporate growth: comparative evidence across US and Europe.Small Business Economics,45(3), 643-672. Eslava, M., Haltiwanger, J., Kugler, A., Kugler, M. (2013). Trade and market selection: Evidence from manufacturing plants in Colombia.Review of Economic Dynamics,16(1), 135-158. Grenci, R. T. (2013). Positioning computer literacy as a value-added business core course. Holtbrgge, D., Baron, A. (2013). Market entry strategies in emerging markets: An institutional study in the BRIC countries.Thunderbird International Business Review,55(3), 237-252. Kotabe, M., Marshall, A., Ang, S., Griffiths, K., Voola, R., Robert, R., Helsen, K. (2014). Logistics: sourcing and distribution. Li, X. R., Meng, F., Uysal, M., Mihalik, B. (2013). Understanding China's long-haul outbound travel market: An overlapped segmentation approach.Journal of Business Research,66(6), 786-793. Li, Z., Wang, W., Yang, C., Ragland, D. R. (2013). Bicycle commuting market analysis using attitudinal market segmentation approach.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,47, 56-68. Maqsoom, A., Charoenngam, C., Masood, R., Awais, M. (2014). Foreign market entry considerations of emerging economy firms: An example of Pakistani contractors.Procedia Engineering,77, 222-228. Morrison, A. M. (2013).Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge. TEBCO | The Original Electric Bicycle Company | Website. (2018). Electric Bicycle. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.electricbicycle.com.au Welcome to Palatino. (2018). Palatino.in. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.palatino.in/about_us.aspx Wilkinson, F. (Ed.). (2013).The dynamics of labour market segmentation. Elsevier.

The Game Of Sports Marketing Essays - Marketing, Sports Business

The Game Of Sports Marketing The Game of Sports Marketing The business of sports is one of the fastest growing industries in the country. All over the world, many people participate as players and spectators in a variety of sporting activities, creating opportunities for the marketing of a company's goods and services. An important part of the business of sports is sports marketing, which revolves around understanding consumer behavior and motivating target markets to purchase goods and services. Sports marketing at Clemson University has many different aspects ranging from sports and technology and sport law to sponsorship and sports economics. ?Sports marketing is simply any sales or publicity-related activity associated with an organized sporting event (or events), its personalities, or the celebrity lifestyle of its participants? (Schaaf 22). There are two components of sports marketing: the marketing of sport and marketing through sports. Marketing of sport consists of the actual marketing of a particular sport such as football or baseball. This includes, but is not limited to, signage, endorsements, print media, broadcast media, billboards, and news media. Examples of marketing through endorsements are Michael Jordan wearing Nike shoes or John Elway drinking Coors Beer. Any type of media that mentions a team or athletic organizations is an example of marketing through the use of media. There are also many other ways of actually marketing or promoting the sporting event. Unlike marketing of sports which consists of marketing before and after a particular event, marketing through sports consists of marketing or promoting a particular product at a sporting event or in conjunction with a sporting event. This includes, but is not limited to, signage at the stadium, promotions during event, and free give-a-ways. Every professional team or athlete participates in some kind of marketing or promotion. Not only do the ?major leagues? participate in the marketing process but so do the smaller, ?minor leagues? do as well. Every athletic organization, big or small, needs sports marketing for its survival. Sports marketing is needed because it helps the athletic organizations obtain profit, which is needed for survival. ?For a promotion to be successful, it must be profitable. And to be profitable, it must enhance some, if not all, of the following goals: 1. Paid attendance, 2. Corporate tie-ins, 3. Sponsor value, and 4. Media coverage? (Helitzer 317). Promotions must increase the number of people at the event, or paid attendance, it also must enhance corporate tie-ins, which are signs or give-a-ways at the stadium. Sponsor value, or the value perceived by the sponsor must also be enhanced along with media coverage. Media coverage is enhanced by sending the local or national media sources bulletins about the events or by having press conferences. A strategy that a sports marketer must use is to stagger the promotional gimmicks throughout the event. If one staggers the promotion, then the audience is always aware of the event and looking out for the promotions. Another objective of sports marketing is creating sales. ?The modern sports marketer is charged with one simple responsibility: to increase the sources of revenue? (Westerbeek 6). This includes obtaining more sponsors and also getting more spectators at the event. No longer is attendance enough to support a sports organization; the sports marketer must find ways to increase the number of sponsors and availability of sponsorships. Baseball and football organizations around the world are building new stadiums to increase room sponsorships, luxury boxes, and entertainment areas. The Atlanta Braves have built a new stadium, Turner Field, which is more like a amusement park than the traditional baseball stadium. They have added games, restaurants, and bars to attract fans, which help the team become profitable. The new age of sports marketing is here, it is one that is all about one thing: greed for more money. The athletic organizations are never satisfied with any level of profit. They are always in search of ways to make more money. ?Sports marketing is one of the most difficult tasks here at Clemson University,? states John Seketa. Here at Clemson University, the Athletic Department is responsible for marketing to the athletes, marketing corporate products to the fans, and marketing the event itself. Clemson must market to the athletes so that it can continue

The Intellectual Life of Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla Essays

The Intellectual Life of Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla Essays The Intellectual Life of Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla Paper The Intellectual Life of Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla Paper Eventually he came to the conclusion, based upon what he had observed while traveling, as well as what he had read, that political reform was necessary for social and economic reforms to occur. [7] During the course of this essay, numerous aspects concerning the life of Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo will be examined. This will include his education, work experience, life experiences, as well as several of the works he read and studied. A transformation from student to priest to revolutionary will be observed In this essay, with the focus on the intellectual life of Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo. Miguel Hidalgo y Cocktails educational experience began at the same place he was born, the estate of San Diego Corral. As a boy he helped with the dally agricultural duties. The years he spent living In this fashion gave Hidalgo an appreciation for agricultural work, and allowed him to understand the viewpoint of lower class Mexicans. [8] Once Hidalgo reached fourteen years of age, his father sent him to study at the Royal and Primitive College of San Noels Obis, In Validly. Founded In 1540 by the Jesuits, the College of San Noels was a common seminary for middle class Mexicans. It was here where Hidalgo focused his learning In ecclesiastical studies and philosophy. [9] Considering Hidalgo sagacity and saneness Nils classmates at San Nicolas Selenga NV ten complementary nickname el Zero, or the Fox. In 1767, however, the Jesuits were removed from San Nicolas ND secular clergy gained authority. [10] The students who attended this institution did not restrict themselves to the curriculum offered, but were active in smuggling in books that had been banned. Reading and studying these books rounded the students overall experience of literature. The books provided by the church and schools were often dry and boring, while the banned books offered interesting topics and inspiration. They were often written by French philosophers or poets. It has been claimed that a new social philosophy had been developed and widely accepted, thus fueling the ambitions of he revolutionists and speeding up the independence movement during its development. [11] In 1770, at the age of seventeen, Hidalgo and his brother Joaquin traveled to the City of Mexico Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico to receive their first Bachelor of Arts degree. Following this accomplishment, Hidalgo spent time in Validly where he lectured in Latin, Philosophy, and the principles of Theology at San Nicolas. [12] In 1773 Hidalgo returned to the University of Mexico for his second Bachelor degree in Theology. In 1774 Hidalgo won a prize for the best dissertation on the The True Method of Studying Theology. Then in 1778 he was ordained as a priest either in Validly or the City of Mexico. [13] During, as well as following, his academic career Hidalgo spent the majority of his time in Validly. His occupations included Rector of the college of San Nicolas, teacher, and cleric. It has been stated that many of the heroes of the revolutionary period were native of Validly or its vicinity, or were at one time resident there. Beginning in 1785 in Claim, Hidalgo engaged himself in parochial work, and in 1793 took the position of curate of the parish church in San Fillip. 14] It was in the year 1800 that the inquisition became suspicious of Hidalgo. He was denounced by Fray Joaquin Hushes for unorthodox utterances. A report issued thereafter by the Anchorman commissioner claimed that Hidalgo was a most learned man who had ruined himself with gambling and women, that he had read prohibited books and while a professor of theology he had taught from Jansenism works. [15] As no hard evidence of these accusations surfaced, the paperwork was filed away for future reference. In 1801, Hidalgo began his travels around the provincial internal (interior provinces) of Mexico. This was done out of spite against the inquisition so they could not keep such a close an eye on him. However, this proved useful in his learning experience of what kinds of conditions his fellow Mexicans were living under because of Spanish rule. During these two years Hidalgo used the knowledge he had gained from studying the prohibited French books in order to figure out what was going on politically and economically in Mexico at the time. He noticed the old Spaniards, or white colonists of pure Spanish blood or birth, who held offices in the government or were involved in business that yielded them comfortable amounts of money. He also noticed the Indians, those of pure native ancestry; creoles; mulattos; sambas, natives mixed with Negroes, also called Chinos; and African Negroes. [16] These people were usually sequestrated or enslaved Dye ten 010 Spaniards once Hidalgo Ana Tuna ten cause of the unhappiness of his people, he now had to figure out a way to change everything so his countrymen could be equal. From the prohibited books Hidalgo read, he knew that without political reforms economic and social reforms would not be possible. 17] These books that Hidalgo had read were by many different authors, mostly French. Hidalgo enjoyed works from the seventeenth century such as La Fontanne. He translated tragedies by Racine and comedies by Moldier (Tartuffe being his favorite). He was also very interested in Bouquets Discourse on Universal History because of the aspect of Divine Providence. [18] It was through these works of literature, among other factors, that inspired Hidalgo with revolutionary thoughts and steered him in the direction of leading a revolt against the Spanish government controlling Mexico. The first work to be analyzed is Molders Tartuffe. Tartuffe is a verse comedy in five acts. During the time period Tartuffe was written there were two different views of Christian morality at odds. One was a mild and tractable view, while the other was more of an austere and puritanical view, the latter condemning all instinct and pleasure as evil thus leading to a police state mentality. [19] The first version of Tartuffe, with only three acts, was attacked with violence leading Moldier to be viewed as a demon fit for hanging, and was promptly banned. 20] The play was promoted secretly through private performances and readings, and in 1667 opened publicly again under the title The Imposter, with the hypocrites name changed to Panel, to once more be banned immediately. In February of 1669 Moldier finally caught a break and the ban was lifted leading Tartuffe to become a great success. The two main characters in Tartuffe are Tartuffe and Argon. Argon is the head of a well to do family living on a grand estate. Argons daughter Marianne is to marry Vale ©re, a man whom she loves deeply and is loved the same in return. However, Tartuffe, a hypocrite posing as a religious dignitary who had lost his way and was living in poverty, has imposed himself on Argon and his family. During his stay on he estate he aids Argon with guidance while acting as his dearest friend. Tartuffe is so successful in doing so that Argon is ready to break his promise to Vale ©re for want of Marianne to marry Tartuffe instead. The only other person in the play who Tartuffe captivates is Madame Personnel, everyone else sees through Tartuffe scheme. Argons bullheadedness leads him to refuse to take anyones advice that is not in agreement with his decisions. Not only does Argon disown his son Dams, but he also attempts to force Marianne to marry Tartuffe that very night. In a desperate attempt to place an end on Argons insanity, Elmira, Argons wife, asks Argon to bear witness to see Tartuffe infidelity. Earlier in the day, since Tartuffe had made an advance on Elmira, she knew that he would accept her advance on him. Argon then hides under a table and Elmira summons Tartuffe. When Tartuffe arrives she seduces him, and right before an indiscretion is about to take place, Argon appears from under the table and tells Tartuffe to leave. Argon thus makes amends with his family, and proceeds to inform Vale ©re that he intends to make good on his promise for him to wed Marianne. When all seems well, the bailiff Monsieur Loyal comes to the door to speak with argon on laureate T According too writ Trot ten Klan ten Tamely Is to vacate the estate by the following day so Tartuffe can move in. This occurs because of a contract Argon had previously signed with Tartuffe under false pretenses. Following this news, Vale ©re arrives to take Argon away because of a warrant for his arrest. As they are about to escape the kings guards arrive with Tartuffe. When Tartuffe is denounced by Argon, the kings guards turn to take Tartuffe to prison and notify him that the king does not adhere well to imposter; also that good deeds are remembered more favorably than bad. Apparently Tartuffe has prior deceits that were not Justified and after he had gone to the king they were remembered. The deed to Argons estate is then given back to its rightful owner, and the hypocrite is sent to prison. The underlying factors involved in Tartuffe are human values, gullibility, sensuality, as well as arrant hypocrisy. [21] The overall theme is to show the modest values of human decency threatened in the name of piety. This can be connected to the way that Hidalgo felt when the inquisition began to take note of his reading material, and the unorthodox ideas he was accused of teaching. It connects to how the Holy Office, and Spanish authorities, took control over Mexico and other colonies furthering their gain while the indigenous people, mixed races, and creoles did not advance in the same way. While Hidalgo spent two years traveling the provincial internal, it can be thought that Tartuffe came to mind every time Hidalgo saw a family that was enslaved or living in poverty. This would have opened his eyes to the governments hypocrisy towards the people of Mexico. The Holy Office, government, and Inquisition claimed that they were bettering the country, and colonies of Spain. In reality, they were repressing the Mexican people by not allowing them to obtain an education or access to occupations with dignified titles, thus driving them into poverty . In Hidalgo mind it can be assumed that he saw the government as Tartuffe, the people of Mexico as the other characters in Tartuffe, and those with the control to revolutionize Mexico, yet allowing the injustices to keep occurring, as Argon and Madame Personnel. Another famous play studied and translated by Hidalgo was Raciness Thales. This has been claimed as Raciness most original work because he was able to express his elisions convictions and piety. Racine took the base of Thales from the Old Testament story of Josh, which tells how Josh was brought to the throne as descendent of David (2 Kings 11 and 2 Chronicles 22-23). The background to this leads one to the murder of Thalamis son Isaiah by Juju, who was appointed by God to exterminate all the followers of Ball. To avenge this murder, Tallish killed all her grandchildren in order to discontinue the race of David. Her stepdaughter Jehovah, however, managed to save Josh and raise him under a different name with her husband, the high priest Jihad. They were successful in raising Josh and teaching him everything about religion and royalty, knowing that someday they would reveal his true identity so he could take the throne. When news surfaces that Tallish wants to destroy the temple, Jihad receives help from the Levities to declare Josh king and remove Tallish from the throne. This is where Thales begins. In short, Thales is a play that removes one ruler from the throne (Tallish) to place ten relating Klan (Joann) In power. I Nils Is done In order to stop a catastrophe from happening (the destruction of the temple). The Levities are convinced to help make this shift of power executed, and in the end execute Tallish. The theme of this play is revolution and can connect to Hidalgo Grit De Dolores. On September 15, 1810, Hidalgo called the townspeople into the church and from the pulpit led a speech about how the Spaniards stole the lands belonging their forefathers three hundred years prior. Then he continued to proclaim that control over Mexico was going to be handed to Napoleon in France. He spoke of danger threatening their religion, as well as oppression. In response to Hidalgo speech the embers of th e community recited in unison, Viva nesters Senora De Guadalupe! Mummer Los sappiness! translated as, Long live our lady of Guadalupe! Perish the bad government, perish the Spaniards! [22] These reactions to major changes that can be thought of as catastrophes, in Thales and in Hidalgo speech, although different in time and place are similar in substance. Ultimately, if Hidalgo was studying and translating the tragedies of Racine, revolution was a concept that he was familiar with, at least in terms of French tragedies. In La Fountains A Hundred Fables there are many lessons to be learned. About one hundred of them at that. These lessons range from how there is honor in telling the truth even though by lying you may get what you want, to how setting a pace will win you the race. These are all good life lessons that are taught through Jovial, anecdotal fables. One example a lesson taught from the fable entitled The Ass Who Bore Relics. The ass had a martyrs bone and when he walked past the people he accepted the pomp and circumstance that was being presented because of the relic. Eventually, someone pointed out that it was not he who they bowed to, but the relic. The last line was, So with an ignorant magistrate or mayor: The mans a dolt, but we salute his gown. [23] Another fable entitled, The Old Man and His Sons, teaches a lesson of strength in numbers. Based upon Hidalgo actions, one may think that he enjoyed reading these short fables because they teach valuable lessons. One could learn how to live a happier life by gaining understanding of them. As Hidalgo may be a man described as valuing equality, and giving credit where credit is due, these fables may have helped to influence his notice of the injustices being performed by the Spaniards, as well as he Holy Office. La Fountains Bawdy: Of Libertines Louts and Lechers is another collection of fables that teach valuable lessons. These lessons are a bit more sensual and deal mostly with adultery, incest, fornication to every degree of wrongness, lying and deceit. These fables may have had more of an influence on Hidalgo private life. He was known as a man being free in his treatment of women, he also enjoyed gambling and continual amusement, so much so one complained that in the house of this Hidalgo there has been enough riotous celebration to turn it into a little Finally we come to Jacques-B ©engine Bouquets Discourse on Universal History. Bouquets included in this discourse three different sections. The first section dealt with certain time periods dealing with Christian or religious events such as the Creation, the Flood, the birth of Jesus Christ, and Charlemagne. Part two focused on spectral people Ana rulers sun as Dramas, David, Solomon, Laurelled, as well as religious themes. Part three focused on the empires throughout history including the Egyptians, Assyrian, Persians, Greeks, and the Roman Empire. This discourse is Bouquets personal view on history and Christianity. As Bouquets analyzes the different stories of the bible and major events in a vast amount of history, he puts his own spin on events that took place and how they evolved. Divine Providence is used throughout the discourse to prove that religion (Christianity) will prevail, also that God alone can subject everything to his This idea of Divine Providence also shows that when people start something revolutionary, unforeseen things happen. This is all under Gods control, but God needs someone to get the ball rolling before the revolution can be completed. Since Bouquets was Hidalgo favorite historian, one should easily realize that Hidalgo enjoyed Christianizes history and was a true believer in God and his will being done on earth. [26] Since Bouquets focused much of his writings on the rise and fall of empires it would only be natural for Hidalgo to obtain some ideas of how to stir up a revolution in Mexico. Hidalgo always exhibited a strong will in things that he accomplished throughout his life in his education, and occupation as clergy. He never had a hard time gathering followers, and with this factor on his side he knew that all he had to do was lead them at the right place at the right time to go against he forces he deemed repressive. He used the will of God to persuade them, along with facts that were prevalent at the time, and proved very successful. If Bouquets was alive today he would have most likely included Hidalgo rebellion in his subsequent Discourse on Universal History, The Fall of the Spanish Colonies. In January of 1803 Hidalgo brother Joaquin died and Miguel inherited the position as curate of the church of Dolores. The Cure De Dolores is the position that Hidalgo is best known for in history. [27] As the curate, Hidalgo did many things to help the Indians of the neighboring haciendas. He used his knowledge to establish lucrative business opportunities for them in order to assist with their finances. Mulberry trees were planted to cultivate silkworm, with the intention to eventually manufacture the silk produced. Hidalgo taught the Indians to tan hides and produce quality leather goods. A factory was established to produce substantial earthenware, and he also taught the Indians how to make better bricks than the sun dried adobes to which they were accustomed. In the process of teaching the Indians these new trades he was breaking them from the tradition of pursuing occupations as slaves, ND promoting them to search for occupations traditionally held by free people. [28] These acts of charity and educating others worked to his benefit in winning the hearts of his parishioners. These acts of advancement in Dolores did not go unnoticed, however. The government dispatched special agents to go and destroy the business Hidalgo had created, because they had not sanctioned the commerce created by his ingenuity. They chopped down the mulberry trees and sabotaged the other advancements Hidalgo worked so hard to establish. Hidalgo, now in his fifties, still continued to expand his studies. He read more French philosophical works, as well as studied the sciences and political economy. In 1805 Hidalgo traveled to the City of Mexico and learned more of the political difficulties the government was running into concerning expropriations of church llanos Issued In 1804. It was rater tons vaults to ten C TTY AT Mexico Tanat Hidalgo acacia he would be ultimately forced to wage a war for independence against the government, in order to stop the injustices the politicians were performing against the Mexican people. On May 4, 1808, the inquisition reopened its case against Hidalgo, this time with a ore serious accusation. A woman who had lived with Hidalgo claimed that he had told her that someone other than Christ was who had died on the cross, and that no hell existed. The reason for telling her there was no hell was because they were to provide each other with sex partners he provide her with men, and she provide him with women and this was supposed to Justify that agreement. [29] Since there seemed to be a lack of evidence supporting these accusations, the charges were not pursued. Less than one year later, however, Hidalgo was accused of being in possession of orbited books that would have profoundly influenced him in French thought. These charges declared that Hidalgo had read and studied works of Cicero, Series, Calmest, El natal Alexandra, Rolling, Bouquets and Buffoon, also having translated the tragedies of Racine and the comedies of Moil ©re. [30] In 1810 additional charges were then brought against Hidalgo, claiming that he committed blasphemy, heresy, and made professions of Lathers doctrines. With the authorities closing in on Hidalgo, and people all throughout Mexico beginning to stir at the idea of independence, Hidalgo knew that the revolution had to start immediately. On September 15, 1810, Hidalgo called his congregation to the church of Dolores in the early hours of the morning. It was here he issued his Grit De Dolores calling his countrymen to fight for independence against bad government in the name of the lady of Guadalupe. [31] Thus the Mexican revolution of 1810 began, with Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo leading his fellow Mexicans in a fight for independence. Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo had a comprehensive education. As aforementioned, he attended to two excellent schools, the College of San Nicolas as well as the University f Mexico. He dominated in his studies and sagacity earning him the nickname el Zero, one that continued with him all his life. [32] The works he enjoyed studying most were those of French writers which influenced him with French thought. Many were fictional works with underlying meanings, themes, and valuable lessons, that shone through and influenced Hidalgo in his opinions and actions throughout his life. From these works, as well as the education he received, he obtained ideas of equality, Justice, rightful leadership, and most importantly rebellion.

Are There Black People With Freckles

Are There Black People With Freckles SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When you think about freckles, what do you think of? Fair-skinned children whose mothers slather sunblock on them? Bright, shocking red hair? Maybe even Pippi Longstocking? As a beauty feature, freckles are commonly associated with fair-skinned people, leading to the question: â€Å"Can black people have freckles?† The answer is yes- there are many black people with freckles, as well as people with other skin tones who have freckles, too. In this article, I’ll break down what causes freckles and who has them. I’ll also provide images of black people with freckles to demonstrate the different skin tones that have freckles. Can Black People Have Freckles? 3 Examples of Freckles on a Black Person Check out these three images to see examples of how freckles look on a black person. What Are Freckles? Freckles, also known as ephelides, are clusters of melanized skin. Freckles have melanocytes (melanin-producing cells) that overproduce melanin granules which change the color of outer skin cells. What does that mean? Basically, freckles are bunched-up clusters of melanin-producing cells. When UV rays hit these bunched-up clusters of cells, they’ll darken in color, changing the pigment of small parts of your skin. Freckles are triggered by sunlight, meaning that they develop as you grow and expose your skin to the sun. Because freckles appear after exposure to sun, many people associate them with sun damage. However, freckles are actually not related to sun damage at all. Freckles can, though, disguise lentigo, or sun spots, which can be a sign of cancer. Regardless of your skin tone and the presence of freckles, you should always protect your skin with a broad spectrum UVA/UVB sunscreen that’s SPF 30 or higher. Not just anyone can have freckles. In order to have freckles, you must have a variation of the MC1R gene. People of all heritages and skin tones can have this genetic mutation. Why Are Freckles More Commonly Associated With Fair Skin? If there are black people with freckles, why are freckles so predominantly associated with people with fair skin? Why aren't there many examples of black people with freckles? The answer lies in genetics. The variation of the MC1R gene that causes freckles is passed down genetically. People of Celtic heritage, who typically have very fair hair and skin, are more likely to have this genetic mutation than other groups. However, people of African, Mediterranean, Asian, and Hispanic descent can also have freckles. The genetic mutation simply isn’t as common in these groups as it is in groups of Celtic descent, so you don't see as many Asian or black people with freckles. Can Freckles Disappear? Just as freckles appear in the light, they can fade in the lack of sun exposure. Many people whose freckles appear during the summer often watch those same freckles fade over the winter. On the other hand, there are plenty of people whose freckles stay year-round after they first appear. Every person’s freckles are slightly different. 4 Tips for Taking Care of Skin with Freckles While freckles aren’t associated with skin damage, they can make you more prone to getting other, malignant types of skin conditions. Follow these four tips to take care of your skin if you have freckles. #1: Always Wear Sunscreen Both fair skinned and black people with freckles (and really everyone) should always wear sunscreen. Look for a broad spectrum UVA/UVB sunscreen that’s SPF 30 or higher. If you’re trying to limit the appearance of freckles, sunscreen will help guard your skin from the UV rays that cause freckles to appear. Sunscreen will also help prevent dangerous skin damage. #2: Visit a Dermatologist If you freckle easily, your skin will also be more prone to skin cancer and sun damage. You should visit a dermatologist at least once a year to receive a skin cancer screening. Some types of skin cancer look like freckles, so it’s important to visit a doctor who can help you tell the difference. #3: Perform Monthly Self-Examinations Just like women should perform monthly breast self exams, people with freckles should perform monthly skin exams. You don’t have to do anything fancy for a skin exam- simply make note of the freckles, moles, and other skin markings you have. The more aware you are of your body, the more likely you are to notice when something has appeared or changed. #4: Exfoliate Exfoliating helps remove dead skin cells and allows for healthy skin turnover. Exfoliating will help remove dead, dull-looking skin and help your other skin care products, like sunscreen and moisturizers, work better. Recap: Can Black People Have Freckles? Freckles are caused by a variation on the MC1R gene- and anyone, with any skin color or heritage, can have them. Freckles are clusters of melanin-producing cells that appear when exposed to UV rays. If you have freckles, it’s important to take good care of your skin by using sunscreen to prevent from sun damage.

The integration of Drama Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The integration of Drama - Research Paper Example A separate stream of education called Theatre in Education (TIE) came up after the Second World War (Farrell, 2002). Drama has been established as successful as a correction tool (Okhakhu, & Usrwoma, 2006)   and as an educational tool(James, 2009).The basic philosophy behind using drama as a process based tool in education is that children tend to use experiences and experiments to learn than reading and listening (Booth, 1994). This basic understanding has been further researched and developed into pedagogies catering specifically to the various learning outcomes. The specific learning requirements of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children also demand a free platform to do and experience. Research on curriculum catering for the special needs of children with emotional and behavioural disabilities have suggested that such programmes must mandatorily include â€Å"provision of coursework and educational activities relevant to students’ real-world experiences and go als that include a variety of non traditional curriculum,† and, â€Å"provision of effective programming that facilitates students’ social, emotional, and behavioural growth† (Hughes & Adera, 2006).Drama can ideally include these two criteria. Drama has been found by the educational and physiological as an ideal platform for children to have a free environment to enhance learning. The basic strategy in using drama in the curriculum of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children.... gested that such programmes must mandatorily include â€Å"provision of coursework and educational activities relevant to students’ real-world experiences and goals that include a variety of non traditional curriculum,† and, â€Å"provision of effective programming that facilitates students’ social, emotional, and behavioural growth† (Hughes & Adera, 2006).Drama can ideally include these two criteria. Drama has been found by the educational and physiological as an ideal platform for children to have a free environment to enhance learning. The basic strategy in using drama in the curriculum of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children is to make learners engage in the learning process. The objective of this essay is to analyse the scope of drama as an effective learning tool to be incorporated in the curriculum of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children. Drama as cooperative activity Children with behavioural and emotional disabilities or is sues find it difficult to cope with their peers. They also find it very difficult to place themselves in a classroom environment. Thus the basic problem that behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children face in a classroom is that they encounter with a learning environment which they find difficult to cope up with. In the case of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children, it is a general observation that apart from class room settings, they find it difficult to social gatherings and avenues of cooperative activities. Researches in Psychotherapy have suggested engaging these students in positive environments involving cooperative activities as one of the remedial measures in tacking behavioural issues. Drama serves as an ideal platform for this. It involves wide varieties of cooperative activities

Schonk Klinik Eating Disorder Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Schonk Klinik Eating Disorder Discussion - Essay Example Anorexic individuals usually starve themselves and appear thin. Anorexics also experience an intense fear of gaining weight and may choose to restrict calories further to avoid weight gain (Harris & Lenox, 2013). Consequently, anorexics are often hungry and have a preoccupation with food. In addition to the need to lose weight, anorexic persons also have a disturbed view of body image and continue to view themselves as overweight. Several other characteristics exist for describing the physical and mental behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is another category of eating disorder but is a complete opposite of anorexia. Periods of compulsive eating that follows forced vomiting, or the use of laxatives is characteristics that describe Bulimia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is a more common problem among teenagers and young adults (Striegel-Moore, 2011). Binge eating is common among dieters. However, it becomes abnormal if it occurs more than two times a week over a period of three months. Similar to anorexics, bulimics have a concern with their weight. However, they are more in the normal weight ranges than individuals that experience anorexia (Ginter, Duncan & Swayne 2013). One of the characteristics describing bulimics is feeding on a large amount of food after a period of two hours. Bulimics experience a feeling of losing control or unable to stop eating or monitor the amount of food that they

Hybrid Cars Essay Example for Free

Hybrid Cars Essay Americans today do not realize that hybrid cars are not cost efficient to buy. This is caused by many factors, many having to do with price of production and gas prices. The cost of production for many hybrid cars is too high causing the car to be to expensive for consumers to buy. They end up paying so much more for a car that promises to save them money. These cars turn end up not fulfilling that promise and leaving people short on cash. It is true that a hybrid car will save money at the pump, but not enough to cover the cost of buying and maintaining the car itself. Gas prices are another reason why these cars arent worth it. The prices of gas today are around 3 dollars which is nearing a record high. Even with prices this high, people will not save enough money with less gas consumption to cover the extra costs of owning such a high maintenance and highly complex car. The math works out that spending more on a hybrid car over a similar small car will end up costing the owner more money. The only way to make the car cost efficient would be to own it for an abnormally long period of time, which most people do not do. Many people are not willing to pay this extra money on a car that is supposed to be good for the environment, but some people do. Hybrid cars are better for the environment because they produce less greenhouse gasses. These are the emissions that specifically hurt the layers of the atmosphere and are among other emissions that are bad for our earth. Hybrid cars burn less fuel and they burn it cleaner, so they produce less exhaust that can potentially cause smog in cities like Chicago, or that can hurt the atmospheric layers such as the ozone layer that so many people talk about being in danger. To some people, the extra cost of owning one of these vehicles is worth helping the environment, but to most it is not. People want fast cars that are fun to drive and that get decent gas mileage. Or a mom might want a van that can haul a lot of people and weight and still get decent gas mileage. A dad would want a truck that can pull a heavy load and do the heavy duty work and wouldnt care about gas mileage. All of these are reasons why people dont want a small, meek, gas sipping hybrid. The first thing that makes most people shy away from buying a hybrid car is the price tag. They see that extra five or six thousand dollars and they say, NO! People want a durable car that gets good gas mileage and has room for a family and that is safe. All of these features can be purchased on a regular car that costs much less than a hybrid. The perfect example for this is the Honda Civic. This car comes in many trim levels, one for each type of consumer, minus the person looking for the truck. The Civic Sedan, a four door car with room for five people, starts at 15k and is the perfect car for a small family. This car gets 30mpg city and 40mpg highway which is very good by todays standards. The Civic Hybrid, the same size as the Civic Sedan, costs 22k, thats 7 thousand more, and gets an increase of only 19mpg city and 11mpg highway. This means that they would not save enough money on gas to cover the 7k increase in price in under 10 years. Since the car gets better gas mileage, one would go to the pump less, but not enough to save that much money. The third is the Civic Si, this is the sporty version of the Civic that only comes with a manual transmission and is very quick. This car costs 21k, one thousand less than the hybrid. It is much faster is only has two doors. This car gets 23mpg city and 32mpg highway, not much worse than the Civic Sedan or hybrid, and is much faster and more fun. Why would a student pay one thousand dollars more for a car that is slower and more boring when the mileage increase isnt that much, they wouldnt. People want fun cars that get the job done and the Civic does that with great gas mileage and a low price, without having to be a hybrid car. Another example of this concept is the Toyota Camry. This is the best selling family sized sedan in the United States. This car comes in many trim levels but the ones we will look at are the base Camry and the base Camry Hybrid. For 2007 this car got a gorgeous remodel as well as a new engine in the base Camry and they added the Hybrid model. The base Toyota Camry costs 18k and has many features needed for a small family to fit in the car along with a lot of luggage. Do not be confused though, this car can be seen driving down the road pimped out with 20 (thats really big) rims and banging sound systems by college guys. It can also be seen with pick stickers and fuzzy dice in the window being driven by a couple college girls on the way to the beach. This is a very pretty, versatile car. The base Camry gets 24mpg city and 34 mpg highway. This is very good for a full sized car and will get the owner a long distance before having to refill the tank. The Camry Hybrid costs a pretty penny, but some say its worth it. This car gets 16mpg more city and 4mpg more highway than the base Camry. The huge gain in city mileage is due to the way Toyota makes their hybrid cars. They have the ability to switch fully from electric to gas power whereas the Honda Hybrid drive train can only go from minimal usage of each, but never fully switches. Toyotas is called Hybrid Synergy Drive and uses the electric engine most when accelerating and charges the batter when braking. The braking actually charges the battery more than the gas engine, so the car is able to shine when driving around the city because of the constant starting and stopping, the car uses almost fully the electric engine. This is why the Toyota Camry Hybrid gets such good gas mileage in the city. Lets face it though, a car that big wont be found driving around the city, most people will be office executives taking long drives from offices to home or to customers and they will not benefit as much. The Camry Hybrid only gains 4mpg over the base Camry on the highway so many people do not agree with spending eight thousand dollars more for the hybrid. This is definitely not cost efficient for the owner. People will like the 18k price of the base Camry because it comes with so many standard options and is ready to fulfill any soccer moms fantasy. When talking about Hybrid cars, there is one that stands above the rest in durability, functionality, style, price, and ability to save gas. That car is the Toyota Prius. This car could be the only argument one could make against this paper. It costs 22k and it does not come with a non hybrid counterpart. This car does cost more than say, a Corolla, but it has more room than a Corolla, and slightly less room than a Camry. It is in a class of its own and its only close competitor is the Honda Insight. The Prius is able to get 60mpg city and 51mpg highway. This is the best mpg rating of any production car and it actually is selling. You can see a Toyota Prius on just about any trip that you take and it does have unique styling that always turns heads. Although it costs more, the mpg rating of this car are almost double that of the nearest non hybrid competitor making it almost worth the extra price tag. However, the cost of maintaining such a highly complex car is greater than that of the base Civic or Corolla and will end up costing more. The Honda Insight, the other close competitor, costs 21k and gets 60mpg city and 66mpg highway. Those numbers were only the estimated numbers and consumers found them to be too high and actually got less mileage than that. Also, Honda doesnt make this car anymore so a customer would only be able to buy it used. These cars all shown, people will not save money on buying a hybrid car. The gas prices right now are not high enough to allow people to save money at the pump if they own a hybrid car. They will get better gas mileage and they will go to the pump less but they are only saving a small amount of money each year. If somebody spends 30 dollars every two weeks on gas in a regular car, that would cost them about 780 dollars a year. A hybrid car could probably go an extra week without needing gas so that would cost them 520 dollars a year on gas. They would be saving a mere 260 dollars a year on gas. If the hybrid car costs 7k more, then they would need to have the car for about 26 years to cover the extra cost of the car. No way would somebody own a car for that long this day and age. That is only covering the cost of the actually sticker price and not the extra costs of owning the vehicle, like fixing it and stuff, which would have to be done since the car would need to get fixed in the 26 year period. Many websites do a calculation of the cars which would be the lowest true cost to own. One website listed the Prius and the Camry Hybrid under their list of cars costing around 25k that would be the lowest true cost to own. This is excluding how long one would own the car for and how high the gas prices are. Also they did not list any hybrid under the coupes which are lowest cost to own and they dont say customer reviews on how fun these cars are to drive. The fact is that most people do no see it necessary to buy a car that costs so much more when they could get a car for less money that will cost them less money in the long run. People also want fun cars that will cost the same, but be much more fun to drive, even though they arent amazing at gas mileage, they still succeed in getting decent gas mileage, so people buy them. Also the hybrid drive train is not good for hauling heavy loads that is why there arent many pickup truck hybrids out there if any. Hybrid cars may cost more causing people to shy away from buying them, but they are better for the environment. People dont realize that driving a car can be the largest form of pollution. We drive by a paper mill and see all the smoke coming out of the stacks and say to ourselves how bad that must be for the air. Meanwhile we are sitting in a car, that when grouped up with many cars, is much worse than the thing we are complaining about. Pollution from cars causes smog, which deteriorates the ozone layers closest to us. This can cause for major extremes of hot and cold in the seasons. The atmosphere helps moderate the temperatures on earth by holding in heat during the winter and shielding out heat during the summer. Big cities have problems with smog which is a constant haze in the air caused by so many cars in one place emitting gasses bad for the environment. Cars also have toxins in their exhaust that can cause acid rain or global warming, and even cause cancer in some people. The water supply on earth is never growing or shrinking, the water we have is all that we get. When there is acid rain, that water has to go somewhere and may sometimes end up in drinking water or people who have wells might take showers in it. This is how it can cause cancer in as many as 1,500 people a year. There are many bad gasses that come from motor vehicles, but the three main ones are hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Hydrocarbons react with nitrogen. The best times for this to happen are in the summer when there is lots of sunlight and really high temperatures. This reaction causes something called ground level ozone. This is a type of gas that is supposed to be in the atmosphere but is in our breathing air. This can cause many things such as eye irritation, wheezing, and even permanent lung damage. Nitrogen Oxides also cause the formation of ground level ozone and are major factors in causing acid rain and water pollution. Finally, carbon monoxide, which is an odorless and invisible gas, causes a slowing of oxygen in the bloodstream which can impair ones senses and cause permanent mental damage. Cars are responsible for around 90 percent of the carbon monoxide in the air in most urban areas. All of these gasses can be reduced by driving a hybrid car, but the best way to reduce them is public transportation. Studies show that a person who uses mass transit, such as buses or subways, for a year, instead of driving to work, can keep about 9.1 lbs of hydrocarbons, 62.5 lbs or carbon monoxides, and 4.9 lbs of nitrogen oxides from being put into the air (Emissions). Other ways of reducing pollution from cars in the air are things such as driving at steady speeds, buying newer cars that have fewer bad emissions, keeping your car in good running condition, or even not topping off at the pump. People can help the environment by buying a hybrid car, but that isnt the best way. Using public transportation or even riding a bike if possible, would do a lot more good, and save somebody a lot of money. By using public transportation and by carpooling, people can save an estimated three thousand dollars a year (Emissions). Other numbers show that idling and stop and go traffic alone use 753 millions of gallons of gasoline per year (Emissions). People dont realize how much better it would be to just use public transportation. Instead, we want to go on our own schedules and have the freedom to go where we want when we want, and that costs money and causes pollution. The cost of a hybrid car over a regular car is too much. People will not buy a hybrid car when they can get a vehicle with very good gas mileage for much less money. They can get all the bells and whistles of a hybrid but spend around seven thousand less. Teenagers dont want a slow gas sipping car, they want a fast car with a loud exhaust. They cant get this from a hybrid car so they wouldnt spend the money to buy a slow hybrid when they could have a fast sports car. A dad needs his truck to haul stuff around and hybrid cars dont offer that. The mom needs the van to have a safe car for her family that can fit them and their luggage. The cost of gas prices right now is not nearly high enough to benefit the consumer who owns a hybrid car. There is some small benefit, about 300 dollars a year, but that would take 20 years to equal just the increased price of owning a hybrid, not to mention the added costs of the upkeep of such a complex car. People want the lowest price with the best package, and hybrid cars dont offer that. While they do offer benefits to the environment, people dont realize how important the environment is and they wont spend the extra money for benefits they wont see in their lifetime. Overall the hybrid car is not worth buying because the cost is just too great. Not only is it not worth it, but people are not buying them enough to make a difference to the environment anyways, further diminishing their value. Hybrid cars are not worth buying right now and will not be for many years to come.

Chemical and Biological Weaponry :: Biological Warfare Nuclear Weapons Ethics Essays

Chemical and Biological Weaponry Introduction: A Modern Day Trojan Horse Although the envelope resembled a letter from a fourth grade student, the contents addressed to Senator Tom Daschle were life threatening. Laced within the envelope was a form of the bacteria known as Bacillus Anthracis, bacteria more commonly known as anthrax. When exposed to humans, an anthrax infection leads to the release of toxins, which if not properly treated are fatal (cnn.com). Around the same time of Senator Daschle’s threat, other cases of anthrax exposure were publicized. Just like that, chemical and biological weaponry worry the minds of the public. Some call such weapons â€Å"the poor man’s atomic bomb† – its construction cheaper and effects potentially as far-reaching and devastating. The ability to manufacture chemical or biological threats is relatively much easier and its availability more widespread that nuclear weapons. Because of this, many believe any future terrorist attacks might be done with biological weapons similar to anthrax. Though seemingly a new threat, similar weaponry has been the subject of debate for decades. This paper discusses the subject of many of those debates, the ethical implications of its use and development. To clarify, â€Å"biological warfare is the intentional use of disease-causing microorganisms or other entities that can replicate themselves (e.g., viruses, infectious nucleic acids and prions) against humans, animals or plants for hostile purposes† (Adam Rotfeld, SIPRI Fact Sheet, page 1). Furthermore, â€Å"it may also involve the use of toxins: poisonous substances produced by living organisms†¦plants†¦and animals. If they are utilized for warfare purpose, the synthetically manufactured counterparts of these toxins are biological weapons† (Rotfeld 1). Delivery of such substances can be as easy as sending it via mail, as in the anthrax example, or as sophisticated as mounting a chemical warhead onto a missile. Other possible means of delivery include introducing a substance to a water supply or through air dispersal in the form of gas. This paper will use the terms â€Å"biological weapons† and â€Å"chemical weapons† interchangeably. A Brief History of Use As far back as the 6th century BC, warring nations have been involved with the use of biological weaponry (Henry Hardy, Biological Weapons FAQ). Despite its long history, it is perhaps best to look at more recent events. With the better understanding of disease in the 20th century, various forms of chemical and biological weaponry emerged. During World War I, poisonous gases were used (Nicholas Fotion, Military Ethics, page 73) in addition to anthrax applications by German operatives (Rotfeld, 2).

Oppression in A Tale of Two Cities Essay

In the book A Tale of Two Cities, one of the many themes present is that of oppression. There are many examples of this throughout the book, some more obvious than the others. We can see right away in the beginning that the French peasants are under a hideous oppression by the French aristocracy. All the people of the towns that are described are starved and in great pain, they are depressed and slinking about, gaunt skeletons of human beings. Their desperation is clearly evident in Chapter 5, when everyone nearby rushes to lick wine off of the city street when a barrel of it bursts after being dropped. As this is occurring, the wealthy French citizens are reclining indoors and use a ridiculous number of servants just to prepare a cup of hot water. When a poor man’s son is run over and killed by the rich Marquis’s carriage, the Marquis makes no apology, and tosses a couple coins at the grieving father. The aristocrats did not even think the peasants human; they treated them as animals, without a thought to their happiness or well being. Another example of oppression is in Mrs. Cruncher’s relationship with her husband. Mr. Cruncher orders her about, and treats her like a piece of property, just there to do his will and stay out of his way. When Jerry Cruncher catches his wife praying for his thieving soul, he takes it to mean that she wants him to be caught and punished, so he will stop grave robbing. His son sees him the next morning bashing his wife’s head into the headboard of their bed as a punishment for her prayers. Mrs. Cruncher lived in a constant oppressive atmosphere as she tried to conform to her husband’s wishes, but was never good enough for him, as he abused her pretty much every day. A more prominent example of this theme is shown in relation to Dr. Manette. The memory of the eighteen years he spent locked up in the Bastille constantly hangs over his head as a burden. His experience in that atmosphere was so awful that the mere memory of it oppresses him. The Doctor tended to fall back into his half-crazed childlike state throughout the book  because his experiences were more than his mind could deal with. Finally, a major example of oppression taking place is with Sidney Carton. He is oppressed by an addiction to alcohol. His life had taken several bad turns, making him a depressed, almost broken man. When he met Lucy Manette, he felt as though his life now had a purpose again, because he loved her so much. However, Carton realized that with his character and lifestyle, he would never be able to make her happy. The alcohol he had turned to for comfort, which had been his only friend for years, was now working against him. Carton was so far gone that he was no longer able to give up drinking, no matter how much he wanted to. Alcohol now virtually controlled his life, dictating what he could or could not do. This was an awful example of self-induced oppression. Oppression is such a powerful theme in A Tale of Two Cities, probably to demonstrate how people can put it upon themselves, and how they can break free from it if they believe in their cause enough.

Conrad: Kill Whitey Essay

Indigenous peoples of Africa die every day because of war, famine, and disease largely due to the legacy of European imperialism. Joseph Conrad, who saw firsthand â€Å"the horror† (Conrad 154) of imperialism as a ship captain, sought to change public opinion and call attention to the atrocities committed. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad articulates his negative view of imperialism as oppressive and hypocritical through contrasts and parallels of Africa and Europe Conrad’s sympathetic portrayal of natives and demonizing portrayal of the Europeans makes the reader actively despise the institution of imperialism by forcing them to condemn the actions of Europeans in every circumstance presented. In his journey to the inner station, Marlow captains a ship that is crewed by cannibals and carries Pilgrims. Conrad sets up a decisive contrast as Marlow observes with puzzlement that the cannibals act restrained, even though the Pilgrims throw out their food. Marlow, acting as the European perspective â€Å"saw that something restraining, one of those human secret that baffle probability, had come into play here,† (Conrad 116). While this situation of native cannibals versus European pilgrims illustrates a distinct difference in behavior, other incidents stand out as well; most of Marlow’s encounters portray the natives not as villains, but as victims. At the central station he watches as a black man is beaten by whites for â€Å"[they] said he had caused the fire in some way; be that as it may, he was screeching most horribly,† (Conrad 92). Here, Marlow characteristically infused doubt as to the man’s guilt, through the â€Å"be that as it may† clause, that further shows victimization. But how much of this behavior is fiction? Avrom Fleishman writes that in his other works, Conrad consistently demonstrates how Europeans in their contact with natives show an emergence of â€Å"submerged barbarism† and that â€Å"whites become more savage than the savages,† (Fleishman 157). This pattern of role reversal allows Conrad to easily defame imperialists through their beastly and â€Å"Savage† actions. If Africa houses and nurtures evil, Conrad attempts to parallel it in Europe.  Before Marlow begins to tell his story the narrator remarks on his surroundings, frequently interlacing descriptions of settings with foreshadows of doom, making London and the Thames part of the world Marlow is about to take the boatmen into. The sun is described as being â€Å"stricken to death,† (Conrad 67) implying that evil lurks not just in and amongst the denizens of Africa, but here in Europe too in the relative safety of the Thames. Chinua Achebe in his indictment of Conrad as a racist admits a parallel between the Congo River and the Thames, stating â€Å"the Thames, too, ‘has been one of the darkest places on earth,'† (Achebe 1). The evil in Europe then must spread to its people. Kurtz, who embodies evil through his godlike control or hollowness, is both the most evil European and the most productive. Kurtz links ruthlessness to productivity and while his actions may only flourish in Africa, he still gathers ivory for Europe. By paralleling and linking the evil in Africa to Europe, Conrad poignantly shows the hypocrisy of the white view of black natives as savage. How can they be savage if the most evil person Africa is white? The hypocrisy of the imperialists extends beyond their perception of the natives; it surrounds all of their actions. In his essay of Conrad’s views of imperialism Cedric Watts describes the circumstances of Marlow’s visit to the central Station. On one side we see instances of the inefficiency, wastefulness and futility of the imperialists’ endeavours–objectless blasting, upturned trucks; and on the other side we see the price in human terms of these activities: the emaciated blacks of the chain-gang, starved slave labourers. The juxtaposition makes a telling indictment of the folly, hypocrisy and callousness of the so-called emissaries of progress, ‘pilgrims’ who, nominally Christians, are idolaters before ivory. (Watts 181) Watts’ charge illustrates view that all Europeans are alien to the region and do not belong. By making them seem useless and more as a burden, Conrad makes the reader feel that the Europeans should leave Africa; and convincing them in the context of Heart of Darkness will eventually help Conrad spread his anti-imperialist message. Throughout Heart of Darkness Conrad reinforces the Europeans as being outsiders, intruders, and the prime evildoers in the novel. He articulates his negative view of imperialism through contrasts and parallels of Africa and Europe: through his contrast of the cannibals and pilgrims, the role of Kurtz, and his portrayal of the imperialists. Conrad observed the horror of Imperialism and set out to fight it being sewing seeds of discontent in his readers’ feelings about the issue cementing Heart of Darkness as a prime example of an anti-imperialist text. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. â€Å"An Image of Africa† The Massachusetts Review Vol. XVIII No. 4 Winter 1977: 782-94. Exploring Novels. Student Resource Center, Detroit. 29 Nov. 2003 . Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Signet Classic, 1950. Fleishman, Avrom. â€Å"The Politics of Imperialism.† Conrad’s Politics:Community and Anarchy in the fiction of Joseph Conrad. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, (1967): 89-96. Rpt. in Readings on Heart of Darkness. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. 156-161. Watts, Cedric. â€Å"Indirect Methods Convey Conrad’s View’s of Imperialism.† A Preface to Conrad. London: Longman Group UK Ltd., (1993). Rpt. in Readings on Heart of Darkness. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. 177-183.

Essay about Love

Essay about Love Love is a universal feeling or emotion and every human on this earth loves someone. It is not necessary that love exists only between opposite sexes but love is there between human kind, between brothers, between sisters, between brothers and sisters, between parents and children, between husband and wife, between neighbours, between nations, between all relations and love also exists between humans and other living beings such as animals. Therefore, nobody can deny the existence of love in this world. Sometimes you need to describe the love you have for someone in words. At that time, you are in need of appropriate style and words through which you can deliver your feelings of love in form of essay on love. The question that comes to your mind at that time is how to write an essay about love? To write an essay about love, you have to follow some general steps of writing an essay. You have to follow the pattern of introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. In the introduction part , you have the introduce the topic of your essay on love and also have to give some introduction of the person for whom you are going to write essay about love. It is not necessary that your essay about love is for some particular person; your essay about love can be a general essay for all the living beings of the earth just for showing your good feelings of love and harmony towards all the creation of God. If your essay about love is a general essay, you have to describe love in your own words; you have to answer the following questions: What do you feel about love? What is love? Describe it by your own criteria. Does love exist? Have you loved someone ever? What is the difference between love and emotionalism? Why are you writing essay on love? By giving the answers to the questions stated above, you will come to know about your own thinking about love and you will be able to write an essay on love, which will be good enough. Always make drafts because drafting makes your writing easy and error free. After drafting, you will be able to find your errors and remove them. Custom essay about love only requires your full devotion and dedication towards your writing. Write from your heart and you will see that the results will be amazing. For writing about love essay, all you have to do is to follow the pattern of introduction, body and conclusion. Never try to do a free writing. A free writing can only be done on a draft where you can assemble all your ideas roughly but the final essay about love should contain all the ideas in the arrangement that is already described. Your rambling style will make your essay on love a bad and incomprehensive one while an organized essay on love will be good enough to read and write let us know your needs and requirements by visiting our professional custom essay writing service. Heres a list of the most popular love essay topics: 1. The Power of Love: The Theme of Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet 2. Is love good or bad in nature? 3. The dominating love 4. The Infinity of love 5. Literatures Affects on Love 6. Dimensions of Love 7. Without Love Life Is Meaningless 8. The Mechanics of Love 9. Do People Really Fall In Love? 10. Christian and non-christian love 11. Types of Love 12. What is love? 13. The Role of Love in Mythology 14. Love in the English Renaissance Period. 15. Love is All You Need 16. Reflection on Love 17. Love is Unconditional 18. Love is blind, as far as the eye can see 19. The Suppression of Love and Eroticism in 1984 20. Love: A Magical Feeling 21. Definition of love 22. Quality and Quantity of Othellos love 23. Aspects of love in romeo and juliet 24. Love: Free or Oppressing? 25. Love makes our hearts gentle

Build and Use a Tree Leaf and Plant Press

Build and Use a Tree Leaf and Plant Press Way back in the dark ages when I was taking tree identification in college, I pressed hundreds of leaves for further study. Even today, you cant beat using a real, preserved leaf to assist you in tree identification. A properly pressed leaf highlights its structure(s) and provides you with a three-dimensional leaf. Collecting the leaf aids you in the initial identification and gives you a self-made field guide for future help. Difficulty: Average Time Required: 2 to 4 hours (including purchasing materials) Heres How Cut a 24 X 24 plywood square in half to make the top and bottom sections of the 12 X 24 press. Place them on top of each other with edges even (c-clamps or bar clamps can be used to keep the wood in position).At each corner of the top and bottom pieces of plywood, measure in 1 1/2 from sides, 2 from top and mark with a pencil. Using drill bit the same size as your bolts, drill a hole through both pieces at each mark.Insert round-headed bolts up through each hole in every corner of both the top and bottom portions of the plywood press. Make sure the hole is small enough to accommodate the bolt but stops at the head. Add a washer and wingnut to each bolt. You now have a press with adjustable tension.Remove winged bolt nuts, washers and the  top portion of the plywood press leaving the bottom portion of the press and four bolts standing upright. It is from this open position that you load the press with any new leaves.Cut two cardboard pieces to fit between the press but not extend be yond the top, bottom or sides of the plywood press and to fit between the bolts. This cardboard is to go between the wood press top and bottom and the pressed material. Collect tabloid sized newspaper. To use: place leaves between double or triple sheets of newspaper, place newspaper between the pieces of cardboard. Close the press by repositioning the top plywood portion over bolts, attach washers, screw on wing nuts and tighten. Tips: Find a leaf on a tree you either know or would like to identify. Collect the leaf or several leaves that most represent an average looking leaf of the tree species. Use an old magazine as a temporary field press.Identify and label each specimen as soon as you collect it as identification is much easier when you can see the entire tree rather than just a few leaves. Remember to take your field guide along.You should not have to pay more than $10 for the material to build this leaf press. You can purchase presses for about $40. What You Need: 2 X 2 sheet of 1/2 plywoodFour 3 round-headed bolts with washers and wing nutsCircular saw, scissors and drillCardboard and newspaper

Leadership Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Styles - Essay Example The case study related to Lake Community Hospital provides a classical example on how the leadership style implemented impacts on performance. Introduction The leadership style adopted by managers of various organizations impacts on the staff either positively or negatively. The relationship that exists between leaders and group members is one that requires a reciprocal interaction. This provides better understanding within the organization and allows a harmonized delivery of services (Raup, 2007). Efficient leadership style that takes into consideration the input of workers is crucial in terms of motivating the staff. Further, an efficient leader needs to relate positively with the staff. This allows the leader to develop a clear perception related to worker’s needs. In the case of Jamie’s unit, her staff is not happy about the move to another unit under different leadership. This is due to the uncertainty of the treatment they might receive under new leadership. The c hange means Jamie’s unit has to adapt to a new leadership style (Raup, 2007). While considering Jamie’s case and his staff, this paper explores different leadership styles used by administrators or managers. ... This is evident from the high turnover rate among nurses working in the unit and the disillusion among nurses from Jamie’s unit. In this regard, the leadership theories that the nurse manager at the telemetry unit may adapt include: Contingency Theory This theory is essential in situations where there is need to consider different variables. This assists in determining the type of leadership style to implement (Leon, 2007). In relation to this theory, there is no one leadership method that work for all situations, hence, need to adapt to the prevailing situation. There is a dilemma in regard to the transition at Lake Area Community Hospital. This involves how best to integrate nurses from Jamie’s unit into the telemetry unit. In such a case, there is need to allow for a smooth transition (Jogulu, 2010). This would involve incorporating Jamie in the management of telemetry ward in terms of assisting the managing nurse to improve relations with the new staff from Jamieâ⠂¬â„¢s unit. Since, Jamie would not have any position after the transition is complete, Jamie’s services is important in terms of improving working relationship between the new manager and his former nursing staff at the 12 bed unit. Situational Theory This theory presents a framework whereby, a leader is expected to select the best alternative leadership style that considers the situational variables (Lorita, 2005). The Hospital is in the process of shifting into a plan that would improve the management of staff and patients. As a result, the decision to down size is meant to improve service delivery. The nurse manager at the 39 bed unit has a larger responsibility in terms of managing a bigger unit, compared to Jamie’s former unit. Further, the nurse manager has to adapt to the needs of

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 24

Summary - Essay Example Lake opposes this misperception, as he asserts that Herring did not cut Jordan to underestimate him and to choose a taller player only, but because he and his staff knew that Jordan needs further preparation. Instead of being an unfair coach, Lake shows Herring as a real person with real contributions to, not only Jordan’s growth as a basketball player, but as a person, and a real person with his own challenges, and not just someone who consciously failed to see Jordan’s greatness. Lake introduces the hardships of choosing who gets to be varsity players and how Herring follows objective criteria in the selection process, contrary to what Jordan and many others believe. Lake goes back a little more than three decades ago to the place where the infamous cutting occurred. He describes the anxiety that grips adolescents who merely want to prove their basketball worth and to hone themselves better as varsity players. After that, he illustrates the kind of man that Pop is. He is called Pop because he is more than a basketball coach. He acted more like a father in how he trains his players every day and how he welcomes them to his house like family. Lake zooms into the actual tryout date, emphasizing the difference between Mike, Michael Jordan’s high school nickname, then and now in terms of height and basketball skills. He underlines that Mike is as competitive as he is now as he was in his youth, but he was an average shooter during the tryouts. Lake also ex plains that the selection process is objective, where a group of coaches compares notes before everything is finalized. He emphasizes that Jordan was a sophomore then and sophomores rarely get chosen for the senior varsity list, and that, in opposite to what many people, including Jordan himself, believed, Mike did get to the jayvee (junior) roster list. Lake proves that Pop

Mountain Man Brewing Co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mountain Man Brewing Co - Essay Example Mountain Man Lager will have to face the existing competition in new regions. Proven success with the blue-collar customer segment will help in identifying similar customer segment in new regions. Risk of losing or not establishing similar brand image in new markets amidst tough competition. Boost sales of Mountain Man Lager. Risk of not establishing market share as expected. Lack of knowledge of customers’ preferences in new markets. Roping in new distributors in the new regions will be a challenge. Increased distribution and logistics costs. Alternative two: Introduce new product line, Mountain Man Light in existing market targeting younger generations in the Eastern Central region of the US. Pros Cons Attract newer customer segment, which is already looking for products such as light beer. Risk higher costs versus profits initially. Capture diversified market segments through increased product lines. May not earn brand loyalty like MM Lager did, which might further affect b rand image of MM Lager. Improve market share while banking on existing brand image of Mountain Man. Loyalty could be due to Mountain Man Lager rather than MM Light. Disloyalty towards MM Lager by its customer segments. Workload on the smaller sales force. Competition from already existing brands that have better market share. Challenge of distributors’ acceptance of the new product. Huge competition from other companies in terms of variety, costs, and brands. Recommendation: Based on the information and data, better option for improving profitability of MMBC would be to expand their core brand, Mountain Man Lager, into other markets within the US. The Mountain Man Lager had occupied 70% s off-premise sales in East Central Region and almost 60% of blue collar males were the purchasers from these locations (Abelli, 3). To earn such market presence and earning distributors in new regions would be a challenge, for which existing sales force can be mobilized to use their expertise to get more off-premise locations to sell Mountain Man Lager in other states. Establishing similar brand image in new markets can be accomplished by using MMBC’s brand image and history of success to convince new distributors and off-premise owners. Some amount of market research would help in identifying customer preferences in new regions, and promotion of Mountain Man Lager can be focused on such customer segments. Distributors and/or off-premise locations in regions that contain better concentration of the suitable customer segments would be ideal target market for Mountain Man Lager in new regions. Moreover, Mountain Man Lager’s flavor, price, and quality will be able to counter competition from existing brands in new regions. This is because this product already established itself amidst competition from imported and craft beer products in East Central Region (Abelli, 4). Mountain Man Lager can be considered as the defensible strategy for MMBC, which was not cou ntered by other products serving this customer segment in the East Central Region for more than 50 years. In this region, the issue was with increasing customer segments that preferred other beer product categories (light beer), which posed a threat to the

Marketing Strategies In Life Insurance Services Marketing Essay

Marketing Strategies In Life Insurance Services Marketing Essay The study is designed to evaluate the marketing strategies in life insurance service sector how these strategies boost sales marketability of a product which ultimately lead to customer satisfaction. The insurance scenario faces multiple challenges such as increased costs of operation, regulatory pressures, and inflexible technology infrastructure. These pressures are compounded by low to moderate premium growth the increasing burdens of regulatory compliance. Keeping all the above problems around the study would attempt to study all the factors that contributed to the effective marketing strategies. This paper presents different marketing strategies that are taken up in life insurance services keeping in view external and internal environment of the firm. Marketing strategy is the basic approach that the business units will use to achieve its objectives, and it consists of broad decisions on target markets, market positioning and mix, and marketing expenditure levels. As the finan cial services sector has become more competitive, financial institutions need to consider ,ways of developing relationships with their existing customers in order to defend their market share. Strategic dimension of marketing should focus on the direction that an organization would take in relation to a specific market or set of markets in order to achieve a specified set of objectives. Every insurer must recognize that its strategic posture depends partly on the competitive environment, partly on its allocation of marketing resources. An insurance firm strategy is a plan for action that determines how an insurer can best achieve its goals and objectives in the light of the existing pressures exerted by competition, on the one hand, and its limited resources on the other hand. Key words: Customer satisfaction,Insurance,Innovation,Marketing Strategies,Services, Introduction: In todays economy, the financial services industry is exposed to increasing performance pressures and competitive forces (Goergen, 2001). Modern media, such as the internet, have created new challenges for this industry (Fuchs, 2001).New business concepts, a change in client sophistication (Davis, 2006), and anincreasing number of new competitors entering into the market, such as independent financial consultants, have changed the business models and the competitive forces that established financial services organizations are facing today worldwide.A marketing strategy serves as the foundation of a marketing plan. A marketing plan contains a list of specific actions required to successfully implement a specific marketing strategy. A strategy is different than a tactic. While it is possible to write a tactical marketing plan without a sound, well-considered strategy, it is not recommended. Without a sound marketing strategy, a marketing plan has no foundation. Marketing strategies serve as the fundamental underpinning of marketing plans designed to reach marketing objectives. It is important that these objectives have measurable results.A good marketing strategy should integrate an organizations marketing goals, policies, and action sequences (tactics) into a cohesive whole. The objective of a marketing strategy is to provide a foundation from which a tactical plan is developed. This allows the organization to carry out its mission effectively and efficiently. The following techniques are implemented to device the Marketing Strategy for the product/service: Segmentation Targeting Positioning Market segmentation is the process in marketing of grouping a market (i.e. customers) into smaller subgroups. This is not something that is arbitrarily imposed on society: it is derived from the recognition that the total market is often made up of submarkets (called segments). These segments are homogeneous within (i.e. people in the segment are similar to each other in their attitudes about certain variables). Because of this intra-group similarity, they are likely to respond somewhat similarly to a given marketing strategy. That is, they are likely to have similar feeling and ideas about a marketing mix comprised of a given product or service, sold at a given price, distributed in a certain way, and promoted in a certain way. Segmentation: Market segmentation is widely defined as being a complex process consisting in two main phases: identification of broad, large markets Segmentation of these markets in order to select the most appropriate target markets and develop marketing mixes accordingly. Positioning: Simply, positioning is how your target market defines you in relation to your competitors.   A good position is: 1. What makes you unique? 2. This is considered a benefit by your target market   Positioning is important because you are competing with all the noise out there competing for your potential fans attention.   If you can stand out with a unique benefit, you have a chance at getting their attention.   It is important to understand your product from the customers point of view relative to the competition.   Targeting: Targeting involves breaking a market into segments and then concentrating your marketing efforts on one or a few key segments. Target marketing can be the key to a small businesss success. The beauty of target marketing is that it makes the promotion, pricing and distribution of your products and/or services easier and more cost-effective. Target marketing provides a focus to all of your marketing activities. Marketing Mix: Marketing professionals and specialist use many tactics to attract and retain their customers. These activities comprise of different concepts, the most important one being the marketing mix. There are two concepts for marketing mix: 4P and 7P. It is essential to balance the 4Ps or the 7Ps of the marketing mix. The concept of 4Ps has been long used for the product industry while the latter has emerged as a successful proposition for the services industry. The 7Ps of the marketing mix that are used to frame marketing strategies of life insurance companies can be discussed as: Product It must provide value to a customer but does not have to be tangible at the same time. Basically, it involves introducing new products or improvising the existing products. A product means what we produce. If we produce goods, it means tangible product when we produce generate services, it means intangible service product. A product is both what a seller has to sell buyer has to buy. So, insurance companies sell services services are their products. Apart from life insurance as product, customer not only buys product but also services in the form of assistance advice of agent. It is natural that customers expect reasonable returns for their investments insurance companies want to maximize their profitability. Hence while deciding the product mix services or schemes should be motivational. Price Pricing must be competitive and must entail profit. The pricing strategy can comprise discounts, offers and the like. The pricing of insurance products not only affects the sales volume and profitability but also influences the perceived quality in the minds of the consumers. There are several different methods for pricing insurance, based on the insurance marketers corporate objectives. They are the survival approach, the sales maximization approach, and the profit maximization approach. To determine the insurance premium, marketers consider various factors such as mortality rate, investment earnings, and expenses, in addition to the individual risk profile based on age, health, etc., and the time period/ frequency of payment. In insurance business the pricing decisions are concerned with: -The premium charged against policies -The interest charged for defaulting the payment of premium credit facility. -Commission charged for underwriting consultancy activities. The pricing decisions may be high or low keeping in view the level or standard of customers or the policyholders. Mainly, pricing of insurance is in the form of premium rates. The three main factors used for determining the premium rates under a life insurance plan are mortality, expense interest. The pricing of insurance is in form of premium rates. The three main factors for determining the premium rates under life insurance plan are: Mortality: Average death rates in a particular area. Expenses: The cost of processing, commission to agents, registration is all incorporated into the cost of installments premium sum forms the integral part of pricing strategy. Interest: The rate of interest is one of the major factors which determine peoples willingness to invest in insurance. People would not be willing to put their funds to invest in insurance business if the interest rates provided by other financial instruments are higher than the perceived returns from the insurance premiums. Place It refers to the place where the customers can buy the product and how the product reaches out to that place. This is done through different channels, like Internet, wholesalers and retailers. This component of marketing mix is related to two important facets- -Managing the insurance personnel -Locating a branch The management of insurance personal should be done in such a way that gap between the services promises-services offered is bridged over. In a majority of service generating organizations, such a gap is found existent which has been instrumental in making down the image problem .The insurance personnel if not managed properly would make all efforts insensitive. They are required to be given adequate incentives to show their excellence. They should be provided intensive trainings to focus mainly on behavioral management. Another important dimension to the place mix is related to the location of insurance branches. While locating branches, branch manager needs to consider the number of factors such as smooth accessibility, availability of infrastructural facilities and management of branch offices and premises. Thus place management of insurance premises needs a new vision, distinct approach an innovative style. The branch managers need professional excellence to make place decisions productive. Promotion It includes the various ways of communicating to the customers of what the company has to offer. It is about communicating about the benefits of using a particular product or service rather than just talking about its features. The insurance services depend on effective promotional measures, so as to create impulsive buying. Promotion comprises of advertising other publicity tactics. The promotion is a fight not only for market share, but also for mind share. The insurance services depend on effective promotional measures, so as to create impulsive buying. Promotion comprises of advertising other publicity tactics. Due attention should be given in selecting the promotional tools. Personnel should be given adequate training for creating impulsive buying. People People refer to the customers, employees, management and everybody else involved in it. It is essential for everyone to realize that the reputation of the brand that you are involved with is in the peoples hands. Understanding the customer better allows to design appropriate products. Being a service industry which involves a high level of people interaction, it is very important to use this resource efficiently in order to satisfy customers.Training, development strong relationships with intermediaries are the key areas to be kept under consideration. Process It refers to the methods and process of providing a service and is hence essential to have a thorough knowledge on whether the services are helpful to the customers, if they are provided in time, if the customers are informed in hand about the services and many such things. The process should be customer friendly in insurance industry. The speed accuracy of payment is of immense importance. The processing method should be easy to convenient to the customers. Installment schemes should be streamlined to cater to the ever growing demands of the customers. IT Data warehousing will smoothen the process flow. IT will help in servicing the large no. of customers efficiently and bring down overheads. Technology can either complement or supplement the channels of distribution cost effectively. It also helps to improve customer service levels helps to find out profitability potential of various customers product segments. Physical (evidence) It refers to the experience of using a product or service. When a service goes out to the customer, it is essential that you help him see what he is buying or not. For example- brochures, pamphlets etc serve this purpose. Evidence is a key element of success for all insurance companies. Physical evidence can be provided to insurance customers in the form of policy certificate and premium payment receipts. The office building, the ambience, the service personnel etc. of the insurance company and their logo and brand name in advertisements also add to the physical evidence. To reach a profitable mass of customers, then new distribution avenues alliances will be necessary.Initally insurance was looked upon as a complex product with a high advice service component. Buyers prefer a face to face interaction they place a high premium on brand names reliability. Review of literature: Sankaran M (1999) studied the measures that would help domestic players in financial services sector to improve their competitive efficiency, and thereby to reduce the transaction costs. The study found that the specific set of sources of sustainable competitive advantage relevant for Financial Service Industry are: product and process innovations, brand equity, positive influences of Communication Goods ,corporate culture, experience effects, scale effects, and information technology. Trevor Watkins (1989) while studying the current state of the financial services industry worldwide identified four major trends: the trend towards financial conglomeration, globalization , information technology in service marketing; and new approaches to financial services marketing. These trends, it was concluded, will affect the marketing of banks and other financial services in the 1990s. Marisa Maio Mackay (2001) examined whether differences exist between service and produc t markets, which warrant different marketing practices by applying ten existing consumer based measures of brand equity to a financial services market. The results found that most measures were convergent and correlated highly with market share in the predicted direction, where market share was used as an indicator of brand equity. Brand recall and familiarity, however, were found to be the best estimators of brand equity in the financial services market. P. Kotler rightly states that a companys marketing strategy depends on many factors, one of which is its size and position in the market. From this assertion he suggests that one method of classifying marketing strategies is to place the firm in accordance with its competitive position; namely as to whether they are market leaders, challengers, followers, or nichers. In effect these are behavioural strategies ordered in relation to the companys market share. Impetus for marketing strategy: India is a jumbo-sized opportunity for life insurance need hardly belaboured. Here is a nation of a billion people, of whom merely 100 million people are insured. And, significantly, even those who do have insurance are grossly underinsured. The emerging middle class population, growing affluence and the absence of a social security system combine to make India one of the worlds most attractive life insurance markets. No matter how you look at it whether in terms of life insurance premiums as a percentage of GDP or premium per capita the market is under penetrated and people are under-insured. In a country where there is high unemployment and where social security systems are absent, life insurance offers the basic cover against lifes uncertainties. India has traditionally been a savings-oriented country and insurance plays a critical role in the development of the Indian economy. The role of insurance in the economy is vital as it able to mobilize p remium payments into long-term investible funds. As such, it is a key sector for development. So marketing strategies are important and inevitable phenomenon to tap huge untapped potential. Effective selling of insurance policies depends to a large extent on the marketing strategies selected. As the market for insurance is dynamic and accompanied by rapid changes in the environment due to advancements in technology and uncertain economic conditions, coupled with inflation, increased attention must be given in the future to the selection of marketing strategies. Components of marketing strategies: Pricing Personal selling Advertising Word of mouth selling Institutional image Quality control Marketing orientation New approaches to strategize the productization of life insurance services: Latest tools and techniques are used by marketers of life insurance products to boost the sales to ensure customer satisfaction and brand building. Some are the approaches to survive in this scenario are as under: Innovation: Innovation in the delivery system refers to the internal organizational arrangements that have to be managed to allow service workers to perform their job properly, and to develop and offer innovative services. All the insurance companies have a structured internal organization team with customer service teams for the delivery of the service. Extensive training is given to the service contact personnel who are called the financial consultants or Agent advisers. Service development, service design and delivery are intricately intertwined. All parties involved in any aspect of the new service must work together at this stage to delineate the details of the new service. (Valarie A Zeithmal and Mary Jo Bitner, 2003). The need and importance of the customers involvement in the service innovation process is considered to be of prime importance by all the life insurance companies as the current market for life insurance is customer centric. They also express their opinion that t he new services developed currently are based on customer focus. The degree of involvement of the customer has gradually increased in the last five years. In the last two years customers are involved in the new service process as information providers. Product/Service differentiation: In case of product differentiation, new products, customized products, tailored products, bundled products can be introduced and new target segments can be identified. For example, life, health and personal accident insurance can be bundled together. Similarly Home Loan and insurance covering fire and burglary can be put together. The life insurance companies provides only packaged policies whereas new players have been providing several Riders. Rider in insurance parlance is an option that gives the policyholder additional coverage without disturbing the fundamental risk coverage. The service in the field of life insurance has improved greatly with the entry of multinationals and rising competition. The customer should have the option to continue or to switch over or to come out of the given policy. The service in the field of life insurance has improved greatly with the entry of multinationals and rising competition. The customer should have the opt ion to continue or to switch over or to come out of the given policy. Advertising and sales promotion: Advertising and publicizing have a positive effect on the prospective customers as well as personal selling. Both the direct and indirect strategies have to be balanced and mixed well to get the desired result. Discounts and incentives promised along with the policy have to be presented in detail to the customers. The companies must provide a tangible and rational reason to the customers to buy a particular policy. Unity and honesty must be maintained by the company and the frontline executives at any cost to attract the customers in the long term. Various creative and innovative strategies should be developed to promote various different life insurance policies. Finding an ideal mix of customers with high disposable income and targeting them with specific policies is another good promotional strategy. Life insurance may be one of the most difficult products to sell, but with an effective promotional strategy it can be sold easily. Technology: Information Technology progress is a major driver behind the structural change in the Life insurance industry to enhance risk transfer efficiency. Ebusiness opens up new ways to reduce costs while lowering market entry barriers and facilitating the break-up of the traditional insurance value chain. Insurance clients will benefit from greater transparency, lower prices and improved services not just in the sales area, but also in claims management. New information and communication technologies are making it easier for insurers to break up the value chain and outsource individual functions to specialized providers. In the long-term basis the information technology units control the potential for new service delivery since all new products represent a more sophisticated delivery of the service. Although it is argued that service innovations are often non technological, this is still the center of much analysis and debate (Kandampully, 2002). Customer relationship management: Insurance companies experiencing competition from within and abroad. Making this problem-situation into an opportunity lies always on the prudent management adopting or adapting tactics and strategies. In line of this, customer relationship management is a measure of winning competitiveness as it is the information-driven approach to customer analysis and process automation; and thereon supplement customer-value proposition. An action on tangible services prompt and accurate issue of document, prompt and fair settlement of claim ,good listening mechanism, better problem solving approach, reliable manner of service and meet requirement of customers on time every time in lieu of intangible promises would give utmost satisfaction to customers, the customer relationship management provides better service to the insured protecting him against perils or risks and the insurer enabling to retain the existing customers and bringing in new customers in his a mbit of business Distribution channels: The distribution network is most important in insurance industry. Insurance is not a high cost industry like telecom sector. Therefore it is building its market on goodwill and access on distribution network. We cannot deny that insurance are not bought, it is sold. The market has a great scope to grow. This can be better done by more innovative channels like a super market, a bank, a post office, an ATM, departmental store etc. these could be used to increase channels of insurance. But such growth in channels shall increase with time. Till then agents seem to be the most important distribution channel in this industry. Agents connect with people and influence them to buy any insurance policy. For the same such agents charge commission on the policies they get for the company. There is a fixed percentage of commission for which these agents work. In the field of distribution channels, many innovative techniques can be adopted. For example, Bancassurance and sel ling through postal network will make a great deal of difference. In Europe 25 percent of insurance policies are sold through banks. Bancassurance, as a package of financial services that can fulfill both banking and insurance needs, if implemented correctly can bring vast benefits to stakeholders such as banks, insurance companies, shareholders and consumers.Bancassurance will facilitate mass selling of insurance products through banks. Banks can act as large financial supermarkets. Distribution of insurance will be smoother through wider number of branches of the banks. Customer database, personalized service, rural penetration, cross-selling of products (e.g. car loan along with car insurance), being cheaper than agents are some of the greatest advantages of Bancassurance. At present the distribution channels that are available in the market are listed below: Direct selling Corporate agents Group selling Brokers and cooperative societies Bancassurance Mallassurance Conclusion: Life insurance industry requires new strategies in order to survive and survive successfully .To tap the insurance potential to maximum industry needs to frame such plans and strategies that will help to capture the market. Companies instead of focusing only on improving the variety of products needs to focus on targeting new segments and implement innovative strategies in order to achieve sustained growth and ensure profitability of business as well as growth of insurance coverage.